Common SSH Commands - Linux Shell Commands - Knowledgebase

Navigating in UNIX

pwd	Shows the full path of the current directory
ls	Lists all the files in the current directory
ls -al	Lists all files and information
ls –alR	Lists all files and information in all subdirectories
ls -alR \| more	Same as ls –alR, pausing when screen becomes full
ls -alR > filename.txt	Same as ls –alR, outputs the results to a file
*ls .html**	Lists all files ending with .html
cd [directory name]	Changes to a new directory
cd ..	Changes to directory above current one
clear	Clears the screen
vdir	Gives a more detailed listing than the "ls" command
exit	Log off your shell

Moving, Copying and Deleting Files

mv [old filename] [new filename]	Move/rename a file
cp [filename] [new filename]	Copies a file
rm [filename]	Deletes a file
rm *	Deletes all files in current directory
*rm .html**	Deletes all files ending in .html

Creating, Moving, Copying and Deleting Directories

mkdir [directory name]	Creates a new directory
*ls -d /**	Lists all directories within current directory
cp -r [directory] [new directory]	Copies a directory and all files/directories in it

Searching Files and Directories

find . -name [filename] -print	Searches for a file starting with current directory
grep [text] [filename]	Searches for text within a file

File and Directory Permissions

There are three levels of file permissions: read, write and execute. In addition, there are three groups to which you can assign permissions: file owner, user group and everyone. The command chmod followed by three numbers is used to change permissions. The first number is the permission for the owner, the second for the group and the third for everyone. Here are how the levels of permission translate:

0 = ---	No permission
1 = --X	Execute only
2 = -W-	Write only
3 = -WX	Write and execute
4 = R--	Read only
5 = R-X	Read and execute
6 = RW-	Read and write
7 = RWX	Read, write and execute

It is preferred that the group always have permission of 0. This prevents other users on the server from browsing files via Telnet and FTP. Here are the most common file permissions used:

chmod 604 [filename]	Minimum permissions for HTML file
chmod 705 [directory name]	Minimum permissions for directories
chmod 755 [filename]	Minimum permissions for scripts & programs
chmod 606 [filename]	Permissions for data files used by scripts
chmod 703 [directory name]	Write-only permissions for public FTP uploading

How do I unzip a file with telnet?

All of the below commands assume that you are within the same directory that the compressed file is in. To be sure type:
ls {enter}
If the file is there, you're ready to go. If not type:
cd /big/dom/xdomain/www/directory/ {enter}
replacing the path with the correct path to your file.

If a file ends in .zip (for example, file.zip) type:
unzip file.zip

If a file ends in .tar (e.g., file.tar) type:
tar -xvf file.tar

If a file ends in .gz (for example, file.gz) type:
gzip -d file.gz

If a file ends in .tar.gz (e.g. file.tar.gz) type:
gzip -d file.tar.gz
and then
tar -xvf file.tar

If a file ends in .tgz (e.g. file.tgz)

zip [options] [zipfile] [files]

The zip command compresses a file or list of files into a zip format archive file. This command is compatible with pkzip on a PC. Simply type "zip zipfile file1 file2 file3" at a telnet command prompt and replace zipfile with the name you want to use for your compressed zip archive file, and replace fileX with the name of the file(s) you want to compress into the zip archive.

For example, type "zip backup.zip home.html index.html" at a telnet command prompt to compress and archive the files called home.html and index.html into the file called backup.zip.

unzip [options] [zipfile]

The unzip command extracts a zip format archive file. This command is compatible with pkunzip files from a PC. Simply type "unzip zipfile" at a telnet command prompt and replace zipfile with the name of your zip format archive file.

For example, type "unzip -aL old.zip" at a telnet command prompt to extract files contained in the archive called old.zip. The "-aL" are options that are generally useful when unzipping files created on a PC.

Knowledgebase

Common SSH Commands - Linux Shell Commands

How do I unzip a file with telnet?

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